Influence of Bleaching Agent Containing Bioactive Glass on Color and Microhardness of Bovine Enamel

To try to reduce the deleterious effects of tooth whitening, bioactive materials have been used. Forty enamel/dentin blocks were stained on dark tea and randomly assigned into four groups (n=10): control group (unbleached), HP35 % (35 % hydrogen peroxide), BG45S5 (Bioglass 45S5® incorporated into HP35 %), and BIO (Biosilicate® incorporated into HP35 %). Colorimetric analysis and microhardness evaluation was performed at baseline, 24 hours and 7 days after the final whitening session. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Bonferroni test was used at a significance level of 5 %. All the coordinates (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE00 and WID) showed a difference between the control group and the experimental ones (p0.05), which suggest a color stability over a week. In contrast, after 7 days, the WID showed that control and PH35 % were different than the other groups (p 0.05). The microhardness did not change over time (p>0.05), except for 35 % HP. In conclusion Bioglass 45S5® and Biosilicate® prevented enamel damage without negatively affect the whitening efficacy.

Para intentar reducir los efectos nocivos del aclaramiento dental, se han usado materiales bioactivos. Cuarenta bloques de esmalte/dentina se tiñeron con té oscuro y se asignaron al azar en cuatro grupos (n=10): grupo de control (sin blanquear), HP35% (peróxido de hidrógeno al 35 %), BG45S5 (Bioglass 45S5® incorporado en HP35%) y BIO (Biosilicato® incorporado a HP35%). El análisis colorimétrico y la evaluación de la microdureza se realizaron al inicio del estudio, 24 horas y 7 días después de la última sesión de blanqueamiento. Se utilizó ANOVA de dos vías para medidas repetidas y la prueba de Bonferroni a un nivel de significancia del 5 %. Todas las coordenadas (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE00 y WID) mostraron diferencia entre el grupo control y el experimental (p0.05), lo que sugiere una estabilidad del color durante una semana. En cambio, a los 7 días, el WID mostró que el control y el PH35 % eran diferentes a los demás grupos (p 0.05). La microdureza no cambió con el tiempo (p>0.05), excepto para 35 % HP. En conclusión Bioglass 45S5® y Biosilicate® previnieron el daño del esmalte sin afectar negativamente la eficacia del blanqueamiento.

Physiological and Behavioral Manifestations of Children and Teenagers with Down Syndrome During the Dental Appointment: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To measure the heart rate (HR) and the behavior of children and teenagers with Down Syndrome (DS) during the dental appointment. Material and Methods: Two groups (n = 52), of both genders, aged 2-14 years, matched by age group were formed: study group (SG) - individuals with DS and control group (CG) - normotypical school children. The participants were submitted to clinical examination and prophylaxis. An oximeter was used to measure the HR at five moments of the dental consultation: before entering the practice room (T0), when sitting in the dental chair (T1), during the clinical examination (T2), during prophylaxis (T3) and immediately after prophylaxis (T4). Behavior, classified according to the Frankl Scale, was observed at T3. Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Pearson's Chi-square tests were used to analyze and compare variables (significance level at 5%). Results: In SG, a significant difference in HR was observed according to the moment of dental appointment (p<0.001 SG; 0.3385 CG). The highest HR value in SG was observed at T3 (median 110.00; IIQ 96.00-124.00), the only moment significantly different (p<0.001) from HR values for CG. A difference in behavior between groups (p<0.001) was also observed. Conclusion: HR of individuals with DS varied throughout the dental appointment, and they also had a higher prevalence of uncooperative behavior.

Saúde Bucal de Indivíduos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista / Oral Health of Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um espectro de transtornos do desenvolvimento neurológico que afeta o desenvolvimento e funcionamento do cérebro, por mecanismos ainda desconhecidos. A prevalência estimada para TEA é de um a dois para cada mil nascidos vivos e estes indivíduos apresentam limitações físicas e psicológicas que incluem atrasos no desenvolvimento da linguagem, dificuldades de comunicação e interação social, comportamentos restritos e repetitivos e muitos podem ter deficiência intelectual. Supõe-se que a saúde bucal de indivíduos com TEA é precária, em parte por suas limitações e pouca destreza manual para realização de cuidados em saúde, bem como pelo maior consumo de alimentos com adição de açúcar e retenção prolongada do bolo alimentar na cavidade bucal, que são observados nesta população. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre as condições de saúde bucal de indivíduos autistas. Para o desenvolvimento da presente revisão de literatura foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados MedLine/PubMed, Scopus e SciELO. Os artigos foram selecionados segundo descritores relacionados com saúde bucal e transtorno do espectro autista. Menor prevalência de cárie em indivíduos com TEA é relatada na maioria dos estudos, porém, observa-se a necessidade de estudos longitudinais que possam avaliar incidência e fatores associados com cárie dentária nesta população. Estudos sugerem que indivíduos autistas tenham pior condição periodontal, havendo uma lacuna sobre as condições associadas a essa maior prevalência. Embora com um número limitado de estudos, indivíduos autistas parecem não serem mais propensos a traumatismos dentários. (AU).

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect the brain development and functioning, by still unknown mechanisms. The estimated prevalence for ASD is one to two per thousand live births and these individuals present physical and psychological limitations that include delays in language development, difficulties in social interaction, communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors, and many may have intellectual disabilities. It is assumed that the oral health of ASD individuals is precarious, in part because of their limitations and little manual dexterity to perform health care, as well as the high consumption of foods with added sugar and prolonged retention of the food bolus in the oral cavity, which are observed in this population. The aim of this article is to present a review of the literature about the oral health conditions of autistic individuals. For the development of the present literature review, the MedLine / PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases were searched. The articles were selected according to descriptors related to oral health and autism spectrum disorder. Lower caries prevalence in ASD individuals is reported in most of the studies, however, it is observed the need for longitudinal studies that can assess incidence and factors associated with dental caries in this population. Studies suggest that autistic individuals have worse periodontal conditions, and there is a lack of conditions associated with this higher prevalence. Despite the limited number of studies, autistic individuals do not appear to be more prone to dental trauma. (AU).